**Hanlon’s Razor** is a rule of thumb that says: _don’t assume malice when something can be explained by ignorance, error, or incompetence_. The phrase was popularised in 1980 by Robert J. Hanlon, though similar ideas appear in earlier writings. It’s a useful reminder in everyday life and work, helping people avoid unnecessary suspicion or conflict — but it shouldn’t be taken as proof that malice never exists.